Piston



0. W. HANSON.

PISTON.

APPLICATION Flu-:D 0cT.27. 1920.

Aza I fatemedug. 15, 19221 v vention, showing the same arranged within narran stares r raar l carros. y

PISTON.

mesma.

Application filed October 27, 1920. Serial No. 419,902.

grooves extending circumferentially therea of, and arranged equidistantly between the at wrlst pin 3 and the opposite ends of said tate plston, within'which packing grooves are To all whom, t may concern.'

Be it known that I, OSCAR W. HANsoN,

citizen of the United States, residin Salina, in the county of Saline and 5 of Kansas, have inventedY new and useful arranged guiding and packing Vrings of novel construction and arrangement, which Improvements in Pistons, of which theV fol- I will now proceed to describe.

lowing is a specication.

This invention relates to improvements in engine pistons and piston packings, and 1n Figures 1 and 2, each groove 5 is shown has particular reference to pistons for inas provided with inclined or beveled side ternal combustion engines. Walls 6 inclined at a gentle angle, namely,

The primary object of the invention is an angle of about 20 with respect to the to provide. a piston having guiding means bottom wall of the groove and longitudinal for ensurin its movement in a substantially axis of the piston. Arranged within the direct line 1n the cylinder, thus preventing groove 5,' for cooperation with said walls, or reducing to a material extent what is is a sectional guiding and packing ring commonly known as piston slap and the comprising three ring sections 7, 8 and 9. extra wear and tear on the cylinder wall. Each of these ring sections is made of suitacaused thereb ble elastic or spring metal and is of the Another object of the invention is to provide guiding means inthe form of spring preferably separated at an oblique angle, packing rings arranged on opposite sides as indicated at 10, for an overlapping enof the wrist pin point of the piston and gagement with each other 'Ihe respective operating to mutually oppose and counterrin sections are of propr r diameter to fit act undue pivotal motion of the pistonfonvwit iiwthe groove 5 ano are contracted said wrist pin, said packing rings also slightly before being applied within the serving `as eicient acking elements and groove, so that said ring sections are placed having a quick seatlng action to 4rapidly under Vtension and are adapted to `spread conform to variations in the surface of the and expand in an outward direction. rI`he c linder wall to effect a ti ht seal a ainst ring sections 7 and 8 are arran ed on o y g g g P poslte sldes of the central l1ne of the groove,

leakage of oil or gases. Y

The invention consists of the features of and on opposite sides of the intermediate construction, combination and arrangement rin section 9, and are adapted to have of parts, hereinafter fully described and thelr outer peripheries come in contact with claimed, reference being had to the acand conform to the contour of the interior companying drawing, in which: surface of the cylinder for a guiding and Figure l is alview in elevation of a pispacking action, as hereinafter Q fully deton and piston packing embodying my inscribed.

rllhe two sets of sectional rings are dean engine cylinder, the latterl appearing in signed, by their prescribed arrangement section. on opposite sides of the transverse center .Figure 2 is an enlarged longitudinal ,secof the piston, to en age the cylinder walls tion through the piston and cross-section equidistantly beyon the transverse line of through one of the packing rings. the wrist pin 3 and tothereby serve as Figure 3 'is 4a view sim ar to Figure 2, guiding elements to guide the piston in its showing a modification in the packing ring reciprocations substantially in a straight construction. line. These'sectional rings or guiding ele- Referring now more particularly to the ments are thus so disposed as tof maintain drawing, 1 designates a piston of generally contact with 4the walls of the `cylinder, be-l conventional construction, movable within tween the ends of the piston and the the cylinder 2, and coupled in the usual plvotal connection between the piston and manner with the crank shaft of theengine the connecting rod 4, so that each sectionalthrough the medium of the wrist pin 3 and ring establishes a substantial resistance to connecting rod 4. displacement of the piston from a direct In accordance with my invention, the pisline of movement Vcoaxially with the cylinton 1 is provided with a pair of packlng der, thus preventing or reducing to a mim- Specication of Letters Patent. Patented Aug, 15, 1922. I

In the form of my invention illustratedl split ring type, the ends thereof beingV et .f6 and 11, said surface. 12 and 13 being prefvmum pivotal motion of the piston on its -to -a highly material degree 'of the plston producing what 1s commonly wrist pin. llt will be observed that this resistance to pivotal motion of the piston is of a yielding character, thus avoiding any tendency to sti'nessof motion between thel Wrist pin and connecting rod, while atfthe same time entirely eliminating or reducing pivotal play known as piston slap. By this means the Wear and tear on the interior surface of the cylinder along certain lines is prevented or reduced, the internal shape of the cylinder preserved, and wear and tear upon all the parts reduced, with other attendant advantages.

rlhe ringsections 7 and 8 are in general Y duplicates in construction, each having an outer beveled side wall 11 arranged for sliding contact with the adjacentwall 6 of the groove and extending at the same, angle thereto, and an inner beveled surface 12 for 'erably arranged at an angle from 30 to 45 sections 7 and 8, leaving short straight sur- 'with relation to the bottom wall of the groove and the longitudinal axis of the piston. The inclined surfaces 12 terminate in rear of the peripheralA surfaces of the ring faces 14 which are disposed in parallel relation and provide an intervening annular space or slot 15 to receive the a'pex portion of the intermediate ring section 13 and to form an annular oil channel between the adjacent ring surfaces. This channel is filled with oil' in the operation of the piston, the body of the oil sealing the joint between the tring sections and furnishing a store of oil tokeep all the coacting wear surfaces constantly lubricated.

The outer peripheral surfaces of the ring sect1ons7 and 8 contact directly with the wall of the cylinder and act as'guiding and packlng surfaces, as will be readily understood. Whenever any looseness,4 due to wear, occursthese ring sections 7 and 8 are forced outward by the wedging action of the lintermediate ring section 13, which supplements the sprmg action of the ring sections 7 and 8 in this respect. -lin forcing the ring sect1ons`7 and 8 outwardly, the ring section 13 also tends to spread said ring sections 7 and 8 .apart, thus keeping their inclined surfaces 1l in contact with the inclined surfaces 6 of the piston groove so ,as to constantly seal the jo-ints at these points and pack the plston' groove aga-inst leakage of oil and gases. 4Owing to the fact that the inclination of the surfaces 6 and 11 is less than the inclination of the surfaces 12 and 13, it will be evident that, while the pres- A sure of the section 9 tends to spread the sec- 70 tions 7 and 8, it alsotends to force said sections 7 and 8 in a substantially direct line outward, thus at all times maintaining the packing action of the ring sections withinthe piston groove while limiting the vamount of the spreading action of the sections 7 and 8 to a material'extent, whereby at all times the bearing distance between the ring sections 7 and 8 on the wall of the cylinder is substantially preserved. By this means a rapid and eiicient adjustment of the ring of packing units the piston will be eEectu` ally guided in a substantially straightfpath to prevent piston slap in an obvious manner. By also having the surfaces ofthe ring sections inclined 'as set forth-the tendency of the ring sections to tilt or cant in a lateral direction n the lreverse movements `of theJ p i/ston will be efl'ectually 're. sisted. it will be evideutithetendency to tilting motion in one direction of the'\\y ring sections 7 and 8 will be overcome by contact of the surfaces 6 and 11; and the still greater tendency of tilting mo-tion of 'said sections 7 and 8 in the reverse direc` tion will be overcome `by contact of the surfaces 12 and 13, and that when the tendency to tilting motion in this direction'is comparatively great this will be yieldingly resisted by the spring action of the intermediate ring section 9, thus allowing a limited recession of thering sections 7 and Sto avoid liability of injury to 'said ring sections or undue wear upon the contact surfaces of said ringl sections and the cylinder. 'lt will be undere stood, of course, that by having the walls of` the groove beveled the rings can not move' inward without their beveled inner surfaces riding on one another and opposing a spring resistance to the recession of the ring sectionsv asa whole, whereby a cushioning action is afforded, this being particularly desirable in overcoming piston slap.

rlfhe perlpheral surface of one of the ring sections 7 or 8 is preferably cut away to provide an annular channel or recess 16 v bounded by annular ribs or contact points 17. These annular ribs or contact points `17 provide reduced Surfaces for weer upon 13o the channeled ring section, allowing said ring section to wear away more rapidlythan its companion ring section, with the result that such quick wearing ring section will provide for a rapid adjustment of the packing rings to compensate for we-ar and a rapid seating of the channeled ring section against the face of'the cylinder to conform to the 'shape thereof. The channel 16 further proadjustable to keep the piston groove packed.,

, quick seating to conform to the shape' of the cylinder, and of a yielding character to cushion the piston in its tendency to pivotal movements, thus overcoming piston slap without objectionable strains or wear and tear upon the wrist pin and connecting rod.

While I preferably employ a three-piece ring of the construction and for the purpose described, the same result may, toa large extent, be obtained under some conditions with `a two-piece ring of the construction shown, for example, in Figure 3. In this construction the piston groove 5 is ofthe form previously described, and the two ring sections 7a and 8a have their outer surfaces 11a beveled at an angle of about 20 to conform to the bevel of the side walls 6a of the groove, but the relatively inner face 13a of said ring sections 7a and 8a are beveled at a-much sharper angle, preferably at an angle of from 309 to 45. By this construction the ring sections are adapted to maintainv contact with each other and the walls 6a as they move outward, While the surfaces 133 oppose a resistance to tilting motion of the rin sections and also to inward movement t ereof, while affording acushioning action on the degree of inward movement permitted thereby. The line of division between the two ring sections also makes the ring section 7a relatively restricted in breadth at its contact portion for an eicient rapid wear and seating action. This ring section 7a isy provided with a channel 16a and rapid wear ribs 17eL corresponding to the channel 16 and ribs 17 of ventional construction, to assist in preventing leakage at the point where leakage most commonly occurs and to vpromote the general efficiency of the packing by relieving the guiding rings of a portion of the pressures which would otherwise fall thereon.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim:

1. The combination of a cylinder, a piston operating therein, a connecting rod having plvotal connection with the piston, said piston being provided with grooves on opposite sides of said pivotal connection, said grooves having gently inclined side walls, and a packing arranged ineach of said grooves and comprising a plurality of split resilient packing rings having outer inclined surfaces conforming to and bearing againstthe inclined side walls of the grooves and having inner inclined surfaces arranged at a greater angle than said outer inclined surfaces and the said inclined surfaces of .the side walls.

2. rIhe combination of a cylinder, a piston operating therein, a connecting rod having pivotal connection with the piston, said piston having annular grooves on opposite sides of said pivotal connection, said grooves being provided with gently inclined side walls, a plurality of packing rings arranged in each groove having outer inclined sur,-l

faces corresponding to the gently inclined surfaces of said side walls and inner inclined surfaces arranged at a greater angle than said outei` inclined surfaces and said side walls, one of said packing rings being provided in its outer face with an annular groove forming rapid wearing and quick seating'ribs at opposite sides thereof;

3. A piston having an annular groove provided with gently inclined side walls, and a packing arrangedv in said groove, said packing comprising a plurality of split resilient rings having outer inclined faces conforming to the gently inclined faces of the side walls and having inclined faces arranged at a greater angle of inclination than said outer inclined faces `and said side said groove having gentlyA ,inclined side walls, and a packing comprising a plurality of split resilient packing rings arranged in said groove, said rings having gently curved -outer surfaces conforming to said side walls and more abruptly inclined inner surfaces for wedging action in cooperation therewith, one of sald rings having an annular groove forming rapid wearing and quick seating ribs at opposite sides thereof.

5. A piston -having an annular groove provided with gently inclined side walls, and packing rings arran ed in said grooves and having abruptly incllned inner surfaces and, gently inclined outer surfaces, 'one of said rings being provided with en oil groove and reduced repld Wearing and seating projections.

6,- piston having an annular groove provided With gently inclined side Walls, a pair of side rings seated in said groove and having cooperating gently inclined outer side faces and more abruptly inclined inner faces, and a, central ring arranged between said side rings and havinginclined side 10 faces conforming to the inner inclined side faces of said side' rings, one of said side rings being provided in its outer facewith an oil groove and reduced rapid 'Wearing and seating pro]eet1ons at vopposite sides l5 thereof. l

lin-testimony whereof I aix my signature.

'USCAR W. HANSUN 

